Although I discussed the Bilski decision, the latest effort by the Supreme Court of the United States to reconcile patent law with the digital world, in this blog two days after it was issued, I'd like to return to the subject now that the dust is beginning to settle, to look at what the rest of the blogosphere is saying.
Matt Lee, writing for the Free Software Foundation, is both ecstatic and wary.
On the one hand, the ruling "undoubtedly represents a breakthrough," and on the other "software patent attorneys are formulating new incantations...."
Yes, that is their job. Also, the ad hoc nature of the court's opinion rather encourages them to get to work on those new incantations.
Rob Tiller, writing at OpenSource, and with the same PoV as Lee, takes a different, more lawyer-like, tone. Tiller is content that the court "followed the traditional methodology, and addressed only" the fact pattern immediately before it, "the issue of business method patents." When it does get to software, he says, it will find that "the rationale for invalidating the Bilski patent is one that could easily be applied to void some software patents."
Erik Sherman at BNET reports that he recently spoke to one of those tricky patent attorneys Lee mentions. Sherman spoke to Scott Bain, litigation counsel of the Software and Information Industry Assn., who said: "Things are pretty similar if not the same as before Bilski. The Supreme Court decided this single case on these facts, but didn't give much guidance on how other cases will come out."
Meanwhile, the Patent Office is trying to explain the ruling to its own examiners. In essence, their instructions are to stick to the machine-or-transformation test "as a tool for determining whether the claimed invention is a process under section 101."
Steven Seidenberg, of Intellectual Property Watch, gives us a suitable final word.
"The ruling, it appears, will keep patent litigators in the United States very busy for quite some time."
Showing posts with label business process. Show all posts
Showing posts with label business process. Show all posts
Tuesday, July 13, 2010
Tuesday, November 10, 2009
The Bilski arguments
The US Supreme Court heard arguments yesterday on the Bilski case, i.e. on the statutory appropriateness of patents for "business methods."
My own view is that the doctrinal development of patent law in the United States some time ago took a wrong turn. There are just too many artificially created "property" rights erected by bureaucratic decree and judicial laxity, and the result has been the development of a lot of intellectual fences, which have broken up the grazing plains of creativity. [Okay, that isn't a great metaphor. But it's mine.]
Consider the meaning of the word "obvious." An advance can not be patented if it was obvious. And that is a simple enough word, of transparent (self-referential!) significance, right? Maybe not. The U.S. Supreme Court wrestled with that one two years ago, in the case of KSR v. Teleflex.
This year's struggle was with the word "process." The relevant statutory language says: "Whoever invents or discovers any new or useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new or useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent therefor, subject to the conditions and requirements of this title." Bilski and an associate have attempted to patent a means of hedging the price of natural gas. This method is obviously not a "machine, manufacture, or composition of matter...." If it is any of the above, it must be a process.
As I noted here back in January, the Court of Appeals upheld the Patent Office. They have both said that the law does not authorize the patenting of an abstract idea, and the "process" Bilski has devised is a dressed-up abstraction. More specifically, the Court of Appeals said that a process becomes patentable only if it is tied to a "particular machine," or if it transforms a particular article into "a different state or thing."
This immediately raised the question: has the Court of Appeals nixed the patenting of software altogether? Any software is designed to run on some hardware, but it is not clear that "any digital computer" would satisfy the Court of Appeals' understanding of the phrase "particular machine." That court punted this question of application in a footnote: "We leave to future cases the elaboration of the precise contours of machine implementation, as well as the answers to particular questions, such as whether or when recitation of a computer suffices to tie a process claim to a particular machine."
I suspect that footnote earned this decision its grant of certiorari to the Supreme Court of the United States.
At arguments yesterday, the Justices seemed unhappy with the idea of granting Bilski his patent, but they also seemed unhappy with the reasoning of the court below. Chief Justice Roberts asked Bilski's attorney, "How is that not an abstract idea? You initiate a series of transactions between commodity providers and commodity consumers. You set a fixed price at the consumer end, you set a fixed price at the other end, and that's it."
My own expectation is as follows: (a) the Justices will uphold the court below in its finding that Bilski's 'process' is really an abstract idea and thus not patentable; and (b) they will work harder than the court did below in order to define what is or isn't an abstract idea. After all, digital computers are a pretty integral part of the US economy these days, and pretending to decide such a question while saying "we'll think about computers later" borders on insincerity.
My own view is that the doctrinal development of patent law in the United States some time ago took a wrong turn. There are just too many artificially created "property" rights erected by bureaucratic decree and judicial laxity, and the result has been the development of a lot of intellectual fences, which have broken up the grazing plains of creativity. [Okay, that isn't a great metaphor. But it's mine.]
Consider the meaning of the word "obvious." An advance can not be patented if it was obvious. And that is a simple enough word, of transparent (self-referential!) significance, right? Maybe not. The U.S. Supreme Court wrestled with that one two years ago, in the case of KSR v. Teleflex.
This year's struggle was with the word "process." The relevant statutory language says: "Whoever invents or discovers any new or useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new or useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent therefor, subject to the conditions and requirements of this title." Bilski and an associate have attempted to patent a means of hedging the price of natural gas. This method is obviously not a "machine, manufacture, or composition of matter...." If it is any of the above, it must be a process.
As I noted here back in January, the Court of Appeals upheld the Patent Office. They have both said that the law does not authorize the patenting of an abstract idea, and the "process" Bilski has devised is a dressed-up abstraction. More specifically, the Court of Appeals said that a process becomes patentable only if it is tied to a "particular machine," or if it transforms a particular article into "a different state or thing."
This immediately raised the question: has the Court of Appeals nixed the patenting of software altogether? Any software is designed to run on some hardware, but it is not clear that "any digital computer" would satisfy the Court of Appeals' understanding of the phrase "particular machine." That court punted this question of application in a footnote: "We leave to future cases the elaboration of the precise contours of machine implementation, as well as the answers to particular questions, such as whether or when recitation of a computer suffices to tie a process claim to a particular machine."
I suspect that footnote earned this decision its grant of certiorari to the Supreme Court of the United States.
At arguments yesterday, the Justices seemed unhappy with the idea of granting Bilski his patent, but they also seemed unhappy with the reasoning of the court below. Chief Justice Roberts asked Bilski's attorney, "How is that not an abstract idea? You initiate a series of transactions between commodity providers and commodity consumers. You set a fixed price at the consumer end, you set a fixed price at the other end, and that's it."
My own expectation is as follows: (a) the Justices will uphold the court below in its finding that Bilski's 'process' is really an abstract idea and thus not patentable; and (b) they will work harder than the court did below in order to define what is or isn't an abstract idea. After all, digital computers are a pretty integral part of the US economy these days, and pretending to decide such a question while saying "we'll think about computers later" borders on insincerity.
Tuesday, January 20, 2009
Patent trolls and trading algorithms
US patent law may have turned away from a cliff in recent months.
Bernard L. Bilski had tried to patent an "energy risk-management method." Basically, he was seeking to claim rights to the idea of commodity hedging, as a "method of managing the consumption risk costs of a commodity [such as heating oil] sold by a commodity provider at a fixed price."
This was not a frivolous claim, either. There was some language in the precedents that seemed to encourage it. The more's the pity.
Fortunately, the US Court of Appeals has upheld the Patent Office in rejecting Bilski's claims.
The court said that a business process is eligible for a patent if and only if it is (a) tied to a particular machine or apparatus, or (b) involves the transformation of particular article into a different state or thing.
Anyone have any illuminating comments on business process patents, trading algorithms, etc. in this context? I'm all ears.
Bernard L. Bilski had tried to patent an "energy risk-management method." Basically, he was seeking to claim rights to the idea of commodity hedging, as a "method of managing the consumption risk costs of a commodity [such as heating oil] sold by a commodity provider at a fixed price."
This was not a frivolous claim, either. There was some language in the precedents that seemed to encourage it. The more's the pity.
Fortunately, the US Court of Appeals has upheld the Patent Office in rejecting Bilski's claims.
The court said that a business process is eligible for a patent if and only if it is (a) tied to a particular machine or apparatus, or (b) involves the transformation of particular article into a different state or thing.
Anyone have any illuminating comments on business process patents, trading algorithms, etc. in this context? I'm all ears.
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